Infección por Cystoisospora belli en pacientes con VIH: análisis de casos con diferente evolución clínica / Cystoisospora belli infection in HIV patients: analysis of cases with different clinical evolution

Resumen Introducción: La infección por Cystoisospora belli es una de las causas más frecuentes de diarrea acuosa en pacientes con infección por VIH y ocasiona altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes infectados con VIH y diarrea por C. belli. Características clínicas y de laboratorio fueron recolectadas mediante el análisis de historias clínicas. Resultados: Se identificaron siete casos. Cuatro presentaron diarrea recurrente a pesar de recibir profilaxis secundaria con cotrimoxazol y tratamiento específico, dos de los cuales tuvieron buena respuesta viral e inmunológica al tratamiento anti-retroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) al momento del diagnóstico y tratamiento antiparasitario. Mientras que, los tres restantes no recibían profilaxis, tampoco TARGA (dos de ellos), pero respondieron bien al tratamiento. Conclusiones: C. belli es causa importante de diarrea en pacientes VIH con TARGA y profilaxis, pudiendo tener distinta evolución clínica. Sugerimos que la infección persistente puede ser debido al fallo farmacológico por causas intrínsecas o extrínsecas al parásito, o a defectos en la restauración del sistema inmune intestinal, o ambos.

Introduction: Cystoisospora belli infection is one of the most important causes of watery diarrhea in patients with HIV and causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in patients with HIV and diarrhea by C. belli. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected by analyzing clinical records. Results: Four had recurrent diarrhea despite receiving secondary prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole and specific treatment, two of which had a good viral and immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the time of diagnosis and antiparasitic treatment. While the remaining three did not receive prophylaxis, neither did HAART (two of them), but they responded well to treatment. Conclusions: C. belli is an important cause of diarrhea in HIV patients on HAART and prophylaxis, being able to have different clinical evolution. We suggest that persistent infection may be due to drug failure by intrinsic or extrinsic to the parasite causes, or to defects in restoration of the intestinal immune system, or both.

Aspectos clínicos e patológicos em frangos de corte (Gallus gallus domesticus) infectados experimentalmente com oocistos esporulados de Eimeria acervulina Tyzzer, 1929 / Clinical and pathological aspects in broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) infected experimentally with Eimeria acervulina Tyzzer, 1929 sporulated oocysts

No presente estudo, sinais clínicos e alterações patológicas foram avaliados por 30 dias em frangos de corte, linhagem Cobb, machos, com dez dias de idade, infectados com Eimeria acervulina. Foram utilizados 192 animais distribuídos em 3 grupos: grupo A inoculado com 1x10(6) oocistos esporulados; grupo B inoculado com 1x10(5) oocistos esporulados; grupo C inoculado com água destilada. Os sinais clínicos observados foram anorexia, diarréia e apatia. As alterações patológicas macroscópicas observadas foram: enterite, hiperemia seguido de congestão intestinal, excesso de exsudato mucoso no lúmen do intestino delgado, palidez e desidratação muscular, alto acúmulo de bile na vesícula biliar e deposição de gordura hepática. A atrofia de vilosidades e alta presença de células inflamatórias foram as alterações microscópicas observadas no epitélio intestinal. Na análise histopatológica do fígado observaram-se infiltrados inflamatórios e deposição de gordura. Os resultados demonstraram que frangos de corte infectados experimentalmente com E. acervulina apresentam progressivas lesões intestinais de intensidade variável e que essas anormalidades são as principais causas de redução no desenvolvimento da ave.

In the present study, clinical signs and pathological changes were evaluated during 30 days in broilers, lineage Cobb, males, with ten days old, infected with Eimeria acervulina. Were used 192 animals distributed in 3 groups: group A inoculated with 1x10(6) sporulated oocysts; group B inoculated with 1x10(5) sporulated oocysts; group C inoculated with distilled water. The clinical signs observed were anorexia, diarrhea and apathy. The pathological macroscopic changes observed were: enteritis, hyperemia with subsequent intestinal congestion, high concentration of mucus exudates in the lumen of the small intestine, pale and dehydration muscle, gall bladder full of liquid and deposition of hepatic fat. The villous atrophy and high presence of inflammatory cells were the microscopic changes observed in the gut epithelium. In histopathologic analysis of liver observed inflammatory cells infiltrated and fat deposition. The results demonstrate that broilers experimentally infected with E. acervulina presented progressive intestinal lesions of variable intensity and that these abnormalities are the main cause of reduction of bird performance.